A mood disorder is a mental health condition that primarily affects a person's persistent emotional state. The two main types are depressive disorders and bipolar disorder.
Depressive disorders involve feeling sad, empty, hopeless or irritable nearly every day for at least 2 weeks. This significantly impacts daily life and functioning. Examples are major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, and seasonal affective disorder. Symptoms may include:
Bipolar disorder involves cycles of intense high and low moods. These are called manic (or hypomanic) episodes and depressive episodes. Manic symptoms may include elevated self-esteem, increased energy, less need for sleep, rapid speech or racing thoughts.
Mood disorders are often caused by a complex mix of genetics, brain chemistry and stress. Risk factors include family history, major life changes, trauma or substance abuse. Treatments can greatly help manage symptoms. These may include therapy, medications and lifestyle changes like regulating sleep and activity.
If you or a loved one struggles with persistent sadness or extreme mood swings, consider reaching out for professional support. Small steps can make a big difference.
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